Verified metadata from Crossref & OpenLibrary — we never fabricate sources.
Not sure what to paste? See how to cite a website, book, or journal article.
Example · Turabian (Author-Date)
Tian, Jiaqiang, Yujie Wang, and Zonghai Chen. 2021. "An Improved Single Particle Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Main Stress Factor Compensation." Journal of Cleaner Production 278: 123456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123456.
In-text: (Tian, Wang, and Chen 2021)
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How Turabian citations work
Turabian is Kate L. Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, the student edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. It is common in history, theology, and humanities courses in the US.
- Like Chicago, Turabian has two systems: notes-bibliography and author-date. This page formats the author-date system.
- In author-date, the text cites the author and year with no comma between them, adding a page number after a comma when you quote.
- The reference list is alphabetical; the first author is inverted and full first names are used.
- Article titles go in quotation marks and journal names in italics.
Instant DOI to Citation
Don't waste time typing. Just paste the DOI, ISBN, or URL, and our system will fetch the exact metadata to build a flawless reference.
In-Text Citation Generator
Every reference you create comes with a perfectly formatted in-text citation, ready to be copied and pasted directly into your academic paper.
Batch Citation Style Converter
Have a messy list of sources? Paste your entire bibliography and let our AI automatically correct punctuation, italicize journal names, and format your references in seconds. Every entry is checked against Crossref, and anything we can't confirm is clearly flagged, not silently guessed.
Frequently asked questions
Still stuck? See how to cite a website, a book, or a journal article, or write to support@makecitation.org.
What's the difference between Turabian and Chicago?
Turabian follows Chicago's citation rules almost exactly but is written for students: it adds guidance on formatting papers, theses, and dissertations, and leaves out material aimed at publishers.
Can I make Turabian footnotes here?
This page formats Turabian's author-date system. Turabian's footnote system follows Chicago's rules, so use the Chicago Citation Generator and choose Notes-Bibliography.
Can I generate a citation directly from a DOI or ISBN?
Yes. Paste a DOI or ISBN and MakeCitation fetches the metadata automatically from Crossref and OpenLibrary, so you don't have to type out authors, titles, or publication details by hand.
Does this tool make up sources like some AI chatbots do?
No. For single-source lookups, every detail comes from verified academic databases, never from the AI's memory. The AI only handles formatting — it never invents authors, dates, or DOIs.
Can I convert a whole reference list to a different citation style?
Yes. Paste your existing list into the batch tool, choose a new style, and MakeCitation normalizes every entry — punctuation, italics, and order — to match it.
Can I remove duplicate references and sort my bibliography alphabetically?
Yes. Batch formatting can remove duplicate entries and sort your list alphabetically by author with one click, for the styles where alphabetical order applies.
Can I export my citations to Word with correct formatting?
Premium accounts can download a .docx file with hanging indents and italics already applied, ready to drop into your paper.
Is there a citation generator for legal (OSCOLA) or medical (Vancouver, CSE) sources?
Yes. Alongside APA, MLA, Chicago, and IEEE, MakeCitation supports Harvard, Vancouver, OSCOLA, ASA, Turabian, and CSE — covering law, medicine, and the social sciences.
What happens if a source's metadata is missing or incomplete?
MakeCitation only fills in details it can verify from Crossref or OpenLibrary. If a field like the publication date is missing from the source itself, we won't guess — you'll be prompted to add it manually, so your citation stays accurate.